Dr. Bernhard Wessling
Zipperling Kessler / Ormecon Chemie
D-22904 Ahrensburg
Conductive Polymer / Solvent Systems: Solutions or Dispersions?
Figures
fig. 1: Various chemical features at a titanium dioxide surface
fig 2: water adsorption on a silica surface
fig. 3: Various chemical features on a zeolithe surface
fig. 4: Bosch-Haber cycle for Polyaniline-hydrochloride
fig. 5: idealized development of a system's free energy during process time of (a) dissolution (lower curve), (b) dispersion (upper curve)
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fig. 6: critical concentration (non-metall-to-metall transition) in a Na-NH3 system[57]
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fig. 7: photon correlation spectrum of a PAni dispersion in organic solvents ([2])
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fig. 8: SEM of a thin PAni layer deposited from a pure PAni dispersion[58]
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fig. 9: STM taken from the same sample as in fig 8
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fig. 10: 1. viscosity of PAni in DMSO dispersion; 2. hypothetic structure of the colloidal particles in dispersion [13]
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fig. 11: reduced viscosity of emeraldine base in NMP (upper curve), and NMP/0.05% LiCl
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fig. 12: reduced viscosity of a) polyaniline in NMP, b) Pani/4-styrene-sulfonic acid complex in water, c) PAni/poly(4-styrene-sulfonic acid) complex in water
fig. 13: double-layer model for PAni in colloidal state - first adsorbed layer, second adsorbed layer
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